BATTERY TECHNOLOGY Will solid-state batteries become Tesla's new super weapon?

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Yes, the Cybertruck may divide opinion and may not be as robust as Elon Musk would like, but Tesla still has big plans for it. This is precisely why Tesla is currently testing the specially developed solid-state batteries in this model.

Solid-state batteries are always seen as the holy grail of battery development. They are safer, have a higher energy density, are cycle-proof and more thermally stable. But the challenges lie in the details. In the laboratory, batteries may already deliver some of this, but there is still a long way to go before they can be used on the road. To shorten the way, Tesla has acquired the company Maxwell in 2019 - a technology group that specializes in solid-state batteries and their production (in the meantime, Tesla has sold the company to UCAP Power, Inc.).

How do solid-state batteries work?

The principle is simple. In solid-state batteries, the electrolyte, which previously consisted of lithium and a solvent, is replaced by a solid material. This solid electrolyte can consist of a variety of materials, including ceramic compounds or solid polymers. These materials enable the transport of ions between the electrodes, just like in conventional batteries, but in a safer and more efficient way.

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A major advantage of solid-state batteries is their increased safety. Liquid electrolytes in traditional batteries can be flammable under certain conditions, such as overheating or mechanical damage, and can even cause fires. Since solid-state batteries rely on a solid electrolyte, this risk is largely eliminated, making them a much safer option. Furthermore, solid-state electrolytes are not prone to the formation of dendrites, small lithium metal deposits that can cause short circuits, further increasing their lifespan and reliability.

In addition to safety, solid-state batteries also offer advantages in terms of energy density. As the solid electrolyte requires less space and allows for higher voltages, solid-state batteries can store more energy in the same space than their liquid counterparts. This makes them particularly attractive for applications in electromobility, where a high energy density in a compact design is crucial. In addition, solid-state batteries promise a longer service life and faster charging times, which further expands their potential uses in various industries.

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The 1.000 km electric car

Tesla is now testing cells based on Maxwell technology. The 4680 cells in use here have a dry cathode. With such a battery, ranges of 1,000 km and more should no longer be a problem. Tesla has so far only confirmed the test in response to inquiries. Whether it will go into series production and when this will happen has not yet been confirmed.

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